Deafness And Other Communication Disorders Essay - 1761 Words

According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), approximately 2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States are born with hearing loss in one or both ears. (Quick Statistics About Hearing, 2016) Children who have impaired hearing face a unique set of challenges, and as with many disabilities, early intervention is vital to their success both academically and socially. There are a few different categories of hearing loss in young children. Damage or obstruction to the outer or middle ear results in conductive hearing loss. This damage is usually treatable but can have an effect upon speech development. However, if the cause of the damage is dealt with medically, any speech problems can typically be rectified by the time the child reaches school age. Another kind of hearing loss is called sensorineural hearing loss, and is caused by damage or trauma to the auditory nerve or the cochlea. This kind of hearing loss is usually permanent. Hearing loss also spans a range from mild to profound, with the most severe resulting in deafness. Deafness is defined as a condition in which a person cannot process language and speech aurally, and typically rely upon visual means for communication. People who experience less profound hearing loss are termed to be hard of hearing and can often process language to some extent, often with tools such as hearing aids or c ochlear implants. (Hunt, 2012, pp. 374-377) There are a variety of causesShow MoreRelatedDeafness And Other Communication Disorders984 Words   |  4 Pagestake for granted their ability and sometimes even marginalize people who do not have the same abilities. This research paper will focus on the issues that those who cannot hear face every day. According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders â€Å"2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States are born with a detectable level of hearing loss in one or both ears...and one in eight people in the United States (30 million) ... has hearing loss in both ears† (NIDCD 1)Read MoreNational Institutes Of Deafness And Other Communication Disorders1326 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation that is approximately 37.5 million and exponentially growing (Holcomb, 2013; Emond et al., 2015; National Institutes of Deafness and other Communication Disorder [NIDCD], 2015; World Health Organization, [WHO] 2015). The challenges continue to lie in the i nadequate health care provision needed to implement better care for this underserved population caused by communication barrier, extremely low health literacy, and high illiteracy (Kuenburg, Fellinger, Fellinger, 2015; Mckee, Mckee, WintersRead MoreThe National Institute Of Deafness And Other Communication Disorder784 Words   |  4 PagesThe National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorder calculates that about 2 percent of older adults have disabling hearing loss. The NIDC uses the decible of hearing loss at 35 decibels or more in the better ear which is the level at which adults could generally benefit from hearing aids. The medical term for old age related hearing loss with no other causes is Presbycusis. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) the term elderly or aged refers to persons aged 60 yearsRead MoreEssay about Impact of Deafness on Children680 Words   |  3 PagesDeafness can occur at birth or become evident later in a person’s lif e. Deafness is a disability where a person cannot hear anything through their ear canal. Deafness is incorporated importantly with children because if a child has this disability as a younger age than it attributes greatly to how a child can develop with this disability. Some scientists say that deafness can be lead to genetics while others say that trauma events or exposure to loud noise also have a key role to the cause. DeafnessRead MoreDeafness And Autism Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesDeafness and Autism, two distinctively different disorders and disabilities; however common in nature. With Deafness and Autism come challenges and obstacles that have to be faced and ought for to ensure an overall quality of life for the individual. When these two attributes are combined within one individual communication and social interaction can be altered. Understanding the difference between the two disabilities and learning how to equip the individual with the proper tools for communicationRead MoreFilm Analysis: Sweet Nothing in My Ear1011 Words   |  5 Pagesprejudiced against the hearing culture. The main characters in the story with communication disabilities are Laura and her son Adam. Laura and Adam are both deaf. Both of them were born hearing, and then over time lost it. When someone is deaf, it means that the person can’t hear at all. One of the ways that deaf people communicate is by using American Sign Language, which is where a person uses gestures to communicate with others. Another part of deaf culture is that some speak, and some don’t becauseRead MoreHearing Speech : Deaf And Deaf1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthis time, parents and other family members may also consider learning sign language, finger spelling, or gestures in order to maintain communication with their deaf or hearing impaired child and household accommodations like text messaging, alternative fire alarms, and doorbells may be necessary. This is because everyday life is affected by the hearing impairment. A person with hearing loss cannot hear the doorbell or fire alarms when they go off , and they will need other kinds of alerts, such asRead More Relay Services for the Deaf Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdeaf people but there are many different services available to meet their needs. A hearing person can have a casual conversation without even realizing the difficulties that 202,613 (5.58%) hard of hearing people might face in the world (Stat. on Deafness). It doesn’t have to be so difficult for a deaf/hard of hearing person to have a conversation even if the person they are talking to is in another state. With popular services such as Maryland Relay, the TTY and various telecommunications relayRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder and its Characteristics Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesautism spectrum disorder. Since then, there has been a drastic increase of the incidence of this disorder. In 2013, according to the Centers for Disease Control, autism spectrum disorder occurs in one out of eighty eight children. (CDC, 2013) That is a significant increase over a relatively short period of time. With such an increase, it is important to learn what autism spectrum disorder is and what might cause it. Autism spectrum disorder is the term used for a group of disorders in brain developmentRead MoreThe Deaf Community and Its Culture1545 Words   |  7 Pagesgives Deaf people the support they need to live a quality life (p.3). Deaf culture not only encompasses people, but also the customs and traditions that are associated with it. Over the course of this semester, my view has been expanded to view deafness as not a disability, but a â€Å"linguistic minority† (p. 55-56). Going back to my very first reading reaction, I discussed how it had been brought to my attention that a large community of people existed alongside hearing culture, but was rarely heard

Police Brutality A Law Enforcement Officer - 4738 Words

When you take oath to become a law enforcement officer you are supposed to stand by the area that you work within and serve and protect. While working officers are put in thousands of different scenarios. While growing up you are taught proper ethics and values and should know the difference between what is right, and what is wrong. However; many officers break down and realize that being a law enforcement officer doesn’t pay as much as they like. They fall fortune to being greedy, stealing money, and even getting into the drug trade while they are in uniform. In the end these men and women that put on the uniform are just as bad as the drug dealers who sling dope on the corner. Police brutality is another big issue within law enforcement. At times police overuse the necessary amount of force that is needed and end up injuring and even at times killing another individual. These officers are also just as guilty as the ones that they have been placing under arrest. Police departments were began approximately 350 years ago, and the first police department was established in the city of Boston. As soon as colonists had arrived there in 1630, confined regulations had allowed for constables to be prearranged. Soon after, in April 1631, the townspeople formed a watch made up of six watchmen, one constable, and several volunteers who patrolled at night, walking the rounds (Johnson, 2012). From 1630 until now a lot of things have changed within police departments.Show MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Police Officers Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivated police brutality and societal discrimination. Though his efforts were not in vain, today’s media representation of law enforcement impacts the societal cultivation of police officers in a negative way. Media outlets, in the forms of television, radio, or social websites, create a cynical view of police officers, which influences societal beliefs and creates negative connotations. These days, police are often stereotyped as aggressive, corrupt beings. The growing hatred for police officers widensRead MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words   |  7 Pagesviews law enforcement officers as heroic and honorable individuals, whose main purpose is to protect and serve the community. For many officers, this description is accurate, however for others; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality againstRead MorePolice Brutality And The Law Enforcement846 Words   |  4 Pagesdemonstrating the brutality of law enforcement has been becoming more frequent over the past couple of years. When you hear about these cases of police brutality, how often is it that law enforcement officials are punished for the crime they have perpetrated? Most of the time the law enforcement officials, who are very well in the wrong do not get any kind of punishment whatsoever for the crimes that they have committed and it all comes back to the power that they have. Police brutality cases have beenRead MorePolice And Police Brutality1331 Words   |  6 Pagesrace. Police brutality is an everyday case and there has yet nothing to be done to help reduce nor stop the violence. Often people critic the duty and the responsibilities that a police officer has in this county. Their duty is far from just eating donuts and drinking coffee. The first thing someone does when they feel like their life or someone’s life is in danger, is call 911 expecting that the law enforcement appears on the scene in .0 seconds. Even then a certain percentage of the law enforcementRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhile combating police brutality everyday, what really does matter? Despite, the increased attention and actions to remedy police brutality, police brutality is still a prevalent issue in today’s American society. It has sent critics on both sides of the issue into their corners, as no one really seems to have the answer. Maybe, the reason why police brutality has been so troublesome to alter is because the people trying to alter it are only targeting only th e symptoms instead of the infection itselfRead MorePolice Brutality1569 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive/Policy/Problem/Cause/Solution Central Idea/Thesis: Police brutality should be regulated with greater strength and objectivity. INTRODUCTION I. Police brutality is constantly made known to us all through mass media, but I hadn’t ever taken the time to truly grasp the severity of it until it hit close to home. A. Three weeks ago, a close family friend was brutally beaten in front of his children at a family gathering by the police. B. My purpose is to persuade my audience that police brutality should be regulated with greaterRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1522 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is defined as â€Å"excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians,† and this has become more prominent within the United States throughout the years (Danilina). There has many cases where police brutality has been seen via news channels, and it has dismantled the unity of trust between the civilians of the United States and the law enforcement who are supposed to protect the everyday people from harm. The issue is if the law enforcement is actually right withinRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forget

The Narrative Structure Essay Research Paper 1 free essay sample

The Narrative Structure Essay, Research Paper 1. Introduction Narrative construction is merely how a narrative is put together, so we may analyse the narrative. In other words it is the manner the narrative unfolds. In order to collar readers attending to the full, the narrative should be deserving stating. It must be extraordinary. It may affect decease or danger, something amusing, the unexpected or the uncommon. The storyteller must demo that what he is associating is deserving one s clip to hear. It all begins with a chief thought. It tells us what the narrative is traveling to be approximately. He will pick the manner harmonizing to his thought, either additive or non-linear and a genre ( high construct hook ) , which he must remain with through out the narrative to forestall it from winging all over the topographic point. The storyteller so will throw chief characters, purposeful way, right gait, etc into the narrative. Buried beneath most great movies are skeletons. Strip off a movie # 8217 ; s characters, location and narrative and underneath you will happen the au naturel castanetss of construction. This is the model on which the movie is built. Harmonizing to Syd Field, writer of # 8216 ; Screenplay # 8211 ; The Foundations of Screenwriting, # 8216 ; Structure is what holds the narrative in topographic point. 2. Typical elements in a narrative construction Reverse technology ; take something apart, see how it works and copy it. This is precisely what Syd Field did. What did all great books have in common? What made them work, where others failed? The reply is # 8216 ; great construction # 8217 ; . I am traveling to travel in inside informations what some of these elements are. a ) Abstraction Abstract is a clause that summarizes the whole narrative. It is normally at the beginning of the narrative and is optional. Some of the authors choose to uncover the terminal in the beginning. In short it is an introductory sum-up. B ) Orientation Orientation establishes the clip, topographic point, puting and opening dramatis personae. It sets a distance between the storyteller and the narrative. Orientation by and large placed first and sets the whole temper for the narrative to come. It may, nevertheless, be added to as demand by the narrative. For illustration, a chief character may be introduced subsequently in the narrative and could be appraising in nature. degree Celsius ) Complicating action Complicating action is the sequence of what happened. It may get down with a transitional marker. It may be composed of episodes and scenes. The passages are frequently marked by circumstantial clauses. Circumstantial clause is a statement of the peculiar fortunes under which the action of the chief clause takes topographic point. The passages could besides be marked by a displacement in the storyteller s point of position and/or from an debut of a new chief character. vitamin D ) Evaluation Evaluation indicates the point of the narrative and may be located throughout the narrative. It is done by either external or embedded. If the storyteller is outside the narrative, it is called external and if the characters register the rating in either words or actions, it is called embedded. It focuse s attending on itself by suspending the action of the narrative. Here are some of the illustrations: Intensifiers Repetition, quantifiers ( Use of all or the whole ) , ritual vocalizations and in instance of unrecorded address, usage of gestures and distorting of certain words. Comparators It tells us what did non or can non go on and it stands in contrast to what did go on. It besides considers unfulfilled possibilities and frequently strengthened by arrangement following to what did go on. Correlates It is contrast to comparators and brings together events that happened and conjoins them. Explications It gives the grounds or motive for certain actions. For illustration the words such as while, though, since, because, etc. vitamin E ) Consequence or Resolution The narrative is coming towards the terminal and the readers need to cognize what happened. The consequence or declaration Tells what eventually happened. This, nevertheless, indicates the terminal of the action but may non be the terminal of discourse. degree Fahrenheit ) Finale It signals to the readers that the narration has come to an terminal. It does that by cutting off the flow of the narrative and lets the audience know that the narrative is finished. There are many different methods of making this. You could project into the hereafter or return to the clip of the audience or travel to a past clip known to the audience or come back to the present clip of the composing fundamentally They lived merrily of all time after! There may besides be more that one of these methods. 3. Treatment The intervention tells the full narrative, but non yet in to the full crystallized scenes. Merely as the gesture image occupies an intermediate country between the novel and phase drama, the intervention may be considered a narrative description of the future book. ( 265: Valley ) The intervention is an amplification of the lineation and the stuff is still more or less in a fluid province, which creates room for rectification and farther advancement. Even a good thought may non develop into a good narrative and merely after we have seen through the flesh to the castanetss of the dramatic organic structure are we able to acknowledge whether the narrative can populate, or if it must interrupt down. The last thing is distribution. In order to accomplish the perfect distribution, you must first contemplate the beginning of the chief purpose and the beginning of the trouble, the location of the flood tide, and the location of the chief end with regard to the terminal of the narrative. 4. Screenplay To research all the possible fluctuations of building a narrative is so an interesting and challenging undertaking. At this point extreme economic system is indispensable ; this economic system has the added advantage of making more powerful state of affairss. The screenplay completes the undertaking of look in footings of scenes. The sequence of scenes should be examined with respect to fluctuation, alteration and contrast. If the narrative has been developed carefully up to this point, the authorship of the screenplay is no extremist going from the old phases, but simply a concluding crystallisation of the stuff.

Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism free essay sample

Following the European invasion in America, Native Americans came to endure many problems. While some have faded, others still linger on in their lives. The issue of alcohol and alcoholism is one of them. From settlers using it to deceive, to today’s issues on the reservation, alcohol has played a devastating role in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of alcohol became such a predominate part of Native Americans lives will allow us to spawn ideas on how to end the problem. Before the colonists arrived in America, Native Americans had little to no knowledge of alcoholic beverages. â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 ). Low alcohol beverages were produced by some tribes but this was only used for ceremonial practices (â€Å"History of Alcohol Among Native Americans† par 2). When the Europeans entered America they brought over beverages that superseded the alcohol percent of any drink produced by Indians. European colonization is what introduced alcohol to the Native Americans, but mass consumption did not occur until the seventeenth century (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 2). As the fur trade began gaining momentum in the seventeenth century, so did the alcohol trade. Some European traders offered alcohol during the trading process to manipulate the Native Americans (Eshkibok par. 7). Also, skins and furs where being traded for alcohol instead of necessities the Indian people needed. This occurred because the younger Native American men, who became addicted to alcohol, had control over the trade and chose the alcohol over other items. These decisions left Indian nations in states of poverty and left them in difficulty dealing with the invading Europeans (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. ). As more Europeans entered American, more and more Native Americans were forced into reservations. These reservations left Indians in mass poverty, cultural shock and with no hunting grounds. Reservations with these issues are breeding grounds for social problems, including alcoholism. Many assumptions have been made as to why the Indians became so addicted to alcohol. The biggest factor that causes the alcoholism is how life on the reservations is for Native Americans. As said before, poverty and cultural shock causes depression among the population of the reservation, which leads to substance abuse to cure these feelings. There are a few statistics one must consider, presented in an article by Peter Katel. In reservations nationwide, forty nine percent of the population is unemployed; that is 10 times the national average. Also, deaths from alcoholism are at least six hundred and fifty times higher than the national average. These statistics show how life on the reservation is vastly different. With such a sense of despair in the reservations, it is understandable why people turn to substances for an outlet. While most blame it on the conditions of the reservations, some blame can be put on the chemical make-up and genetics of the Native Americans themselves. Depending on race, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol differs. In the case of Native Americans, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol is lower (Ringwalt par. 3). This difference in metabolizing rates could explain why the Indians developed a habit to alcohol very quickly when first introduced to it when the colonist arrived. Many misconceptions have arrived with the issues of alcoholism in Native Americans though. Due to some reservations having high populations of alcoholics, stereotypes have evolved. Bars began displaying signs forbidding them to drink (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 5). According to an article written by grad student Mike Eshkibok, the stereotype has even made its way to the big screen in movies like Flags of our Fathers and Apocalypto ; â€Å"These powerful films depict Indians in a violent or stereotypical way, suggesting that all Indians are afflicted with drug and alcohol problems† (par. ). This stereotype has gone as far as to have people believe that Indians are either wise old men, or drunks (Nerburn pg. 185). Scientific study also is affected by these stereotype and leads to biased results. Recent studies were found to have false results about the percentage of Native American alcoholics from two reservations. Even though the results of the new study found that the amount of alcoholics on the reservation were fifty percent higher than national averages, it was still considerably lower than the previous study which found up to eighty percent f the men on the reservations were alcoholics (Ham par. 2). With stereotypes becoming so inflated that it affects scientific studies, a higher concern of solving this problem must begin. Native Americans have dealt with many problems after European colonization, and one of the prevalent issues is alcoholism. With the history of alcohol being an invasive and with modern times leading to more cases of alcoholism, it is hard to say when the Native Americans will see the day when their communities are free of this trouble. Section 2: Alcoholism is an issue in many peoples lives. But for Native Americans it has become a very common issues effecting many people. Native Americans also affect more than health, issues like stereotyping and control come into play. Two authors decided to include the effects of alcohol in their works. By showing the affects of alcohol in Native Americans, people will be able to see the difficulties of the disease and try to overcome some of the problems. In the play â€Å"Ghost Dance† by Annette Arkeketa, a women named Hokti is dealing with her issues of alcoholism while she lays in a coma. You see the thoughts of both Hokti and her family sitting by her side. This issues that are brought up show how each side is affected by the disease. Hokti herself is affected by the â€Å"Alcohol Spirit† who deems her unable to live life with out alcohol, while her family is listening to her younger sister Lori state how she has changed and how dying would be best for her. The problems that are brought up show how the family is affected by the alcoholic daughter and proves that even if they are Native American, they are dealing with a huge problem. Arkeketa play is told by a man telling a story to two children. He is trying to explain why there are no more Native Americans. Alcoholism is tearing up the Native American culture and with out the strength of the Indians and the help from the out side world the Native Americans may never overcome the grasp of alcoholism. Arkeketa may be trying to create this concept in her play. Hokti is hearing the words of her sister, the out side world, and is becoming informed on how she is acting, while hearing this she is battling, and ultimate helping herself conquer alcohol. Alcohol has also affected the reputations of all Indians, not just the ones who are alcoholics. In Neither Wolf Nor Dog by Kent Nerburn, the issue of stereotyping Indians is brought up. Nerburn travels around with an Indian elder named Dan and hears his take on problems facing the Indian people. While at a bar in a local town, two drunk Native Americans walk in and make a scene. This sets Dan off on a story about how people only see Native Americans as either the wise elders or drunk slobs. Dan states â€Å" ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬For white people they only see two types of Indians. Drunken bums and Noble Indians†¦. When they meet one of us who‘s not drunk they have to deal with us†(185). This stereotype is very true, and has been around for a long time. Signs in bars stating â€Å"We don’t sell to Indians†, and laws being passed to make selling alcohol on reservations illegal (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 7). Stereotyping begins many doubts about the Indian people, even if some chose not to drink or can tolerate themselves. Nerburn was asked by Dan to write this book in hopes of dispelling the common misconceptions about Indians and to show how exactly they have been living. Throughout the story Nerburn has had trouble figuring out how to write the story. He is told that he must not make it white or the message will not get across. Nerburn then decided to write the story as is occurs, in first person. This makes the reader as if themselves are Nerburn going through this journey. So when readers are experiencing this journey they really come to realize how the Native Americans are feeling and get a new perspective. This way of writing will help the readers dispel the stereotypes they may have had, especially on alcoholism. Seeing an Native Americans point of view on issues like this really gives the public a full view of issues like alcoholism in Native American lives. With authors like Nerburn and Arkeketa writing about the difficulties of alcoholism in Native Americans lives, people will begin to see how the Native Americans are dealing with the issue and how some are connected even though they don’t suffer from the diseases at all. When people begin to understand the problems, more effort to fix it will come up.

Moonlight Professor Ramos Blog

Moonlight Yes girl get me one more shot, says the girl at the bar. She has been drinking for over an hour straight and all she can think about is a man missing in her life but out in the open she looks very happy to be with her friends. It is Friday and she has been drinking all night nonstop, at this point she is stumbling and is about ready to call her friend to come pick her up.Sarah! Sarah! she screams. girl i need you to come pick me up, Im drunk and they are getting ready to close, says the girl. Okay Im coming right now just be outside in 10 minutes, answers Sarah. During the 10 minutes the girl at the bar was still slamming shots and ends up taking 3 more shots before she ends up leaving her wallet on the bar table. luckily she had her I.D in the wallet so the bartenders were able to determine who it was and were going to be able to keep it for her for next Friday. Sarah arrives and the girl stumbles into the car barely even able to walk on her own and Sarah proceeds to take her home after a wild night a the bar. A day later goes by and the girl realizes that she had left her wallet in the bar and plans to go next Friday to grab her belonging. a week goes by and she finally goes back to the bar to go get her wallet. she walks in and doesnt the wallet on the bar counter where she was drinking and now she starts to get a little worried that someone stole her wallet after 30 seconds of standing and brainstorming where her wallet could be she decides to go up to the bartender and ask to see if he had seen a wallet. He responds you are in luck young lady, about ten minutes ago a young man had turned it in to us and said he found it on the ground with footprints all over it. she replies o thank God! i thought i would have never gotten it back because usually bars are notorious for stealing wallets and valuable belongings. she asks the bartender if the man who turned in the wallet was still in the bar so she can go thank him for turning it in. the bartender pointed to a man that had been drinking w ith his friends and responds him right there with the navy blue shirt on and the tan khakis. She happily walks over to the man to thank him not knowing that he was actually the love of her life. She walks up to him and notices his gleaming white smile with nice slicked back hair. she was in complete awe as soon as she laid eyes on him. The man saw love at first sight also and he was surprised at the beauty in her wavy blonde hair and shiny nice nose piecing she had in at the time. In her head she was for sure she has seen her lover and on the other hand the guy was pretty sure he was going to have to get her number because he knew he wouldnt be able to lie with himself if he never got to see her again. In person they both kept composure and the conversation was going very smooth until the guy asks the girl for her number. at this point in the conversation the mans friends had moved to the other side of the bar to let them have there privacy. The man looked up after asking the girl t he question and sees her cheeks automatically start turning a pinkish red. the girl looks to him and instantly responds with her number. the guy says ill give you a call and returns to his friends on the other side of the bar and as he is walking back his friends are looking at him with a smirk on there face because they knew he got the job done 3 days pass and the girl is very nervous that the guy most likely wont hit her up again, she sets her phone on the table and goes in the kitchen to go do the dishes. when she hears her phone beep because she got a notification, and she checks her phone and its the gut from the bar and he wanted to know whether she would be happy to go get lunch with him. She responded absolutely i would love to go, Im free at 4 so you can come pick me up then. He answers sounds good. 4 oclock hits and he picks her up to go get some sandwiches. Everything was going very smooth and they connected vibes almost instantly on lunch and in the back of both there heads they knew they were perfect for each other. After the date was over the girl asked the guy if he would like to come over and his automatic answer was yes. at this point in the night it was 7:45 pm and they were driving back to the girls house to go have a little fun. As soon as they get to her house she grabs his hand and takes him upstairs in her room and they instantly start making out and touching each other until they end up in bed. They both are laying in the bed cuddling when suddenly they both calm down and both stair out the window and see the full moon out. He looks at her and says i love you Julia, and she whispers back to him ,I love you too Max.

How to Easily Make a Safe Glitter Lava Lamp

How to Easily Make a Safe Glitter Lava Lamp While real lava lamps and lava lights rely on trade secrets, you can get a similar effect with simple household ingredients. Try this easy activity and create your own safe glitter lava lamp! ​ Ingredients The simplest version of this project is mixing glitter with vegetable oil, but you can make an interesting and safe lava effect  if you add water and food coloring. Vegetable Oil or Baby OilWaterFood ColoringGlitter or Small BeadsGlass Jar with Lid Instructions This version of a lava lamp (unlike the real thing) is great for young kids! First, fill the jar about a third full of oil.Next, sprinkle on glitter, sequins, small beads, or any tiny sparkles that catch your eye.Add water to nearly fill the jar.Add a drop or so of food coloring.Finish filling the jar with water, then screw the lid on tightly.Flip the jar over. Flip it back. Shake it up. Have fun! Useful Tips Let the liquids settle, then open the jar and sprinkle a tiny bit of salt on top. What happens? Why?Water is a polar molecule, while oil is nonpolar. Polar molecules stick to each other, but not to nonpolar molecules. Oil and water dont mix!The oil is less dense than water, so it floats on top.Is the food coloring in the oil or the water? How can you tell? Is food coloring polar or nonpolar?

Negative effects of living an unhealthy lifestyle Essay

Negative effects of living an unhealthy lifestyle - Essay Example A nutritious diet supplies the body with adequate nutrients needed for growth and prevention of diseases. A diet that lacks adequate quantities of nutrients such as potassium, calcium and fiber is considered unhealthy and poses significant risks to the wellbeing of a person. Unhealthy diets that lack adequate nutrients and are high in sugar, salt and fat may lead to the development of chronic conditions. In many cases, diets that lack vegetables and fruits may exposà © one to heart diseases, kidney failure and stroke. In addition, diseases such as diabetes, cancer and hypertension have been found to be caused by poor dietary habits. Second, weight gain is another challenge associated with unhealthy diets. This is usually caused by consuming processed foods that contain large quantities of sugar and fat. Continued consumption of such foods leads to excessive weight gain, and eventually, obesity. Lack of physical activity further makes the problems of weight gain and obesity worse. Ob ese people are prone to health problems such as heart attacks and diabetes. Furthermore, an obese person might find it difficult to undertake daily routines and activities, and this may impact his productivity and general way of life. As a result, such people find it difficult to fit into the larger society, and thus may leave one feeling isolated and neglected. Third, unhealthy diets may lead to mental health problems. Naturally, the brain requires certain minerals and nutrients to function properly.

Critically Assess the Development Potential of the 'Green Economy' For Essay

Critically Assess the Development Potential of the 'Green Economy' For Localities and Regions - Essay Example A green economy can be defined as an economic model that improves the welfare of human beings while at the same time reducing any negative impacts on the environment. A green economy is consistent with sustainable development. In the past, countries have focused on economic growth and development as a way of eliminating poverty and raise the level of income for their citizens. Some of the strategies of economic development have resulted in environmental degradation and some of the negative effects on the environment are irreversible. The main objective of traditional economic models is increasing the level of gross domestic product. Many governments are now appreciating the fact that their economies have exceeded acceptable limits in terms of emission of greenhouse gases and exploitations of natural resources. Global recessions and financial crisis have caused many governments in both developed and developing countries to shift their focus to sustainable development (Ocampo 2010, p. 2; UNEP 2011). Sustainable development is a major concern in advanced economies. This is because these economies are responsible for the highest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions (Parker 2011). A green economy provides a channel through which many people can improve their standards of living while the planet becomes healthier. Local and regional development is a concern for many governments across the world. However, local and regional development is now more challenging, competitive, globalised and knowledge intensive. There is a shift in focus by many governments concerning local and regional development. Governments are now more concerned how sustainable their current level of development is as opposed to the magnitude of development. Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of economic development in nations on the environment following the increasing trend in global warming and sudden climatic changes (Christopherson 2011, p. 4). The long term prospects of sustainable local and regi onal development are uncertain. There are many contentions on whether a green economy is achievable or not. Those who support a green economy argue that it would result to social justice to individuals who have not benefited from globalization. The lives of such individuals will be improved if the planet is healthier. Supporters of a green economy are not concerned about how new jobs are distributed across regions but instead, they are concerned about saving the global climate. Critics of a green economy argue that it is unrealistic and unachievable with current economic structures and institutions (Pike & Tomaney 2010, p. 3). This paper critically analyses the development potential of a green economy in localities and regions. The Potential to Develop a Green Economy for Localities and Regions Gibbs (2002, p. 93) explores some of the guiding principles that would help localities and regions to shift towards sustainability. A sustainable society values unpaid work and gives its memb ers access to work without causing harm to the local, national and global environment. A sustainable society also considers the environment in its provision of goods and services as well as other facilities such as sanitation and health care. Developing a green economy involves balancing between economic development and the environment. To achieve this balance, localities and regions must focus on conserving natural resources and control the flow of commodities. The local and regional governments should invest sufficient resources in improving the state of the environment (Gibbs 2002, p. 93) Gibbs (2002, p. 94) indicates that for regions and localities to develop green economies, they should apply some of the concepts of sustainable development including emphasizing on the environment, participation, futurity, and equity. Emphasizing on the environment involves considering the full and actual environmental costs

Energy Summary Essay Example for Free

Energy Summary Essay University of Phoenix This summary of Energy will review three cases, The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Yucca Mountain, and The Three Gorges Dam. It will identify each type of energy source, its relative abundance and environmental impact along with evaluating the economic and ethical issues of each energy source highlighted by these three cases. The summary will identify the interests of prominent stakeholders, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source according to each stakeholder’s point of view and present possible strategies for solving the limited-resource issues raised in these case studies with explaining the role of conservation in these strategies. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Since 1980 there has been an on and off debate regarding opening the refuge to oil drilling. The refuge is close to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, one of the world’s largest pipeline systems that begins at Prudhoe Bay and continues south to Valdez. Prudhoe Bay has produced 14 billion barrels of crude oil. In the early 1990’s, it was the first time in history that the United States would import more than half the oil it used. The interest of opening the refuge to oil drilling started again after it subsided for five years following the Alaskan oil spill. The Department of the Interior admitted that the oil drilling will harm the area’s ecosystem and therefore both the Senate and House of Representatives agreed to allow it. The economic and ethical issues pertaining to developing this site to oil drilling such as domestic oil could help the balance of trade and the United States would be less dependent on oil from foreign countries (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl, 2010). Conservationists believe drilling will disrupt the balance of nature for the Alaskan wilderness. Studies that were conducted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service that support habitat damage, and decline in wolves and bears in the Prudhoe Bay area. Yucca Mountain The Yucca Mountain in Nevada was chosen by Congress in 1987 as the only area to be considered as a permanent underground storage site for high levels of nuclear wasted from power plants. The mountain site is 90 miles Northwest of Las Vegas. Yucca Mountain can hold more than 42,000 tons of spent fuel produced in the United States and future production of spent fuel until the year 2025 (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl, 2010). Once it reaches to full capacity, another storage site will be needed. A possible environmental impact to storing spent fuel in the mountain is the mountain is near a volcano and active earthquake fault lines. Although there hasn’t been an eruption in 20,000 years, the chance of an eruption is one in 10,000 during the next 10,000 years. In 1992, 12 miles from Yucca Mountain a magnitude 5.6 earthquake developed. Scientist examined the effects of this earthquake and found the water table to have changed to 1-meter caused by the earthquake. Most experts believe this is not a serious concern. The United States Department of Energy has conducted many studies on the mountain that cost billions of dollars. Their results reflected that the site is safe from these two possible mother-nature disasters. Nevadans disagree and do not want their state as a radioactive waste site. Congress in 2002 approved Yucca Mountain as the United States nuclear waste site with no regard to the Nevadans concerns. Still today it is unclear when the site will be licensed and opened (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl, 2010). The Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam (TDG), located in China, is a hydroelectric dam. The dam is the world’s largest hydropower project and has created massive floods, deaths, and displaced many people living in the river basin. The dam was designed to produce 18 gig watts of electrical power (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl, 2010). China is known to have air quality issues, and they are reliant on imported energy. This dam is an advantage for China. It will permit ships to travel far upstream and provide recreation as well as create a living for commercial fisherman. As with advantages, there also comes disadvantages such as displacement of 1.5 million people who received very little or none at all government assisted funding to help these people find new places to live. The dam also puts the Yangze river dolphin along with several other species at risk for extinction. Possible strategies in solving these limited resource issues raised in these cases would be to invest in renewable energy sources and energy conservation for The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Yucca Mountain case would need to determine if storing the spent fuel in the mountain would be better for the environment than possibly in deep underground sites. As for the Three Gorges Dam indirect solar energy such as wave energy may be an option in the future. Each case, The National Arctic Wildlife Refuge, The Yucca Mountain, and The Three Gorges Dam have different types of energy sources, oil, nuclear, and hydropower. They have the same issue when it comes down to the environment, humanity, wildlife, and the economy. Government agencies want to generate revenue such as domestic oil drilling in Alaska and transportation up the reservoir in China, all at the expense of all living and non-living beings. It seems to be a never-ending debate as solutions to these issues are still not solved today. References Raven, P. H., Berg, L. R., Hassenzahl, D. M. (2010). Environment (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Things Found Inside of People :: Personal Narrative Papers

Things Found Inside of People 1. Things found inside of people. There is a museum in Philadelphia called the MÃ ¼tter Museum. I went there once with an old boyfriend. We saw babies in formaldehyde with serious birth defects, two heads, four legs, five noses. Siamese twins. An eight-foot-long colon in a glass case, black, dry, and empty, beside a photograph of its former keeper, a man with a bloated, pregnant stomach. Deformed skulls. The assembled bones of the tallest man in the world, the assembled bones of the shortest man in the world. Model faces made of wax, people with leprosy, noses eaten away, people with real horns growing from their foreheads. Infectious diseases-the results. The dried and preserved veins and heart of a whole man, shellacked and hovering behind a plastic wall. We stayed for two whole hours, until the place closed. At the end we found a set of drawers. Upon opening each little drawer we found something new; there were various buttons, keys, pieces of metal, rocks, hard plastics, coins. My ex-boyfriend asked me what thes e things were. The sign said, "Things Found Inside of People." 2. The bar. This morning I listened to Joy Division with my new boyfriend. The song is called Ceremony, and he has the Joy Division version, an earlier, more distorted version of the New Order song later to come, the one that I own. I could describe the song, but I won't. Other than to say that it is very 80s, and it sounds like New York City and steel-beamed skyscrapers, and it is what I hear when I fly in my head. He had a dream for a few minutes early this morning about skydiving, and he said, "I just had a dream that I had to jump out of a plane. I'll never do that." I said I didn't think jumping out of a plane and flying would be so bad. We were up until six o'clock in the morning again, frustrating each other. I think he thinks about having sex with me too much, and I'm not sure if that's negative or just not important. He's delicate, but he's a guy all the same, and it's a little confusing. He likes Joy Division. He saw me last year with my ex-boyfriend. I was wearing a Joy Division t-shirt, a relic from the 80s, Dan's brother Marc's old shirt.

Freaks and Geeks (Themes)

Freaks and Geeks: Pilot Episode Evaluation Persuasive Paragraph There are many media elements that can depict the cliques that existed once in high school, as they are now distant stereotypes. The television show â€Å"Freaks & Geeks† has been enhanced by the usage of media elements, hence allowing the cliques to be easily seen by viewers. Firstly, the lighting is an element that truly differentiates the cliques that have been formed based on a stereotypical format. For example, the lighting used in the beginning of the show by the filmmaker really shows the differences of levels on the high school food chain.The filmmaker starts the show off by showing the typical jock and cheerleader relationships, the highest of the food chain, with bright lighting and open spaces (Appatow 1999). Then the lighting suddenly changes to underneath the benches in a dark and secluded, yet rebellious hang out place for the Freaks (Appatow 1999). Hence, allowing the viewers to see the automatic di fference between the two stereotypical levels. Secondly, the next element that enhance the cliques formed in the show would have to be the musical involvement.Judd Appatow, the filmmaker, chooses songs that perfectly reflect the behaviour, personality, and likes of the different groups. The filmmaker chooses to play the individual; yet different songs in the beginning to allow the viewers to figure out that there are differences in each clique. In the beginning the Freaks are shown listening to songs like â€Å"Running with the Devil† by Van Halen (Appatow 1999), and the Geeks being represented by the song â€Å"I’m Alright† by Kenny Loggins (Appatow 1999). This helps the viewer attain a better understanding of the groups.Lastly, the use of showing conflict and suspense too, truly show the difference between the cliques. The filmmaker, Judd Appatow, switches scenes which show the split focuses of conflict. Showing the viewer that more than one conflict scenario appears in the show. Judd Appatow switches scenes from the geeky life of Lindsay Weir’s younger brother Sam, and the problems he faces with bullies and crushes (Appatow 1999). Then, switches to Lindsay’s constant battle with her old life and the new life she created for herself (Appatow 1999). This builds up the suspense by giving the viewers even more conflict to keep them on the edge of their chairs.By throwing more conflicts in the path of the two major characters, the viewers will remain interested, and the suspense of the decisions made by their characters keep the viewers wanting more. As a result, the uses of media elements not only enhance the overall appearance of the show, but also help the understanding of the viewer in depicting the ‘cliques’ of the school. Works Cited: â€Å"Freaks and Geeks†. Dir. Judd Appatow. Perf. Linda Cardellini, John Francis Daley, James Franco, Samm Levine, Seth Rogen, Jason Segel, Becky Ann Baker, Joe Flaherty, Busy Philipps, Sarah Hagan. Paramount Pictures Corporation (PPC), 1999. DVD.

Marketing and Tasty Snacks Jenny

Specimen Paper for UPF Marketing-1 with answers Section A – Multiple Choice Questions – 2 marks each (10 marks) 1. __________________ is the process of evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. a. Mass marketing b. Market segmentation c. Market targeting d. Market positioning Answer: c 2. _______________ factors are the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups. a. Geographic b. Demographic c. Psychographic d. Behavioral Answer: b 3.The stage is the product life cycle that focuses on expanding market and creating product awareness and trial is the: a. decline stage. b. introduction stage. c. growth stage. d. maturity stage. Answer: b 4. A price reduction to buyers who buy in large volumes is called a(n): a. quantity discount. b. cash discount. c. seasonal discount. d. trade discount. Answer: a 5. A company is practicing ________________ if it focuses on subsegments with distinctive traits that may seek a special combination of benefits. a. micromarketing b. niche marketing c. mass marketing d. segment marketingAnswer: b Section B : Case Study Read Item A and then answer the questions that follow. Item A Tasty Snacks Jenny is studying for her A-levels. At the same time, she enjoys working part time in a local cafe in the village where she lives. She has noticed that the prices charged to customers in the cafe seem to be much higher than the actual costs of making the meals and drinks. She is sure that the owners must be making a good profit. Jenny is now considering whether she should carry on with her studies or whether she should just leave school and set up her own cafe.Jenny could set up the cafe in the village where she lives which is in a tourist area. She is also considering a busier but more expensive location such as the shopping centre in the town near to where she goes to school. A recent advert has caught her attention. It is advertising ‘Franchise opportunities with well known fast food brands’. She would need at least ? 5000 to take up one of these opportunities. Jenny is unsure whether to set up the cafe as a sole trader or as a franchise. Questions: (20 marks) 1.Identify two methods of market research and explain how each method might help Jenny to make her business successful. (10 marks) 2. Jenny is unsure where the best place would be to locate her cafe. She is considering two locations: ? the village where she lives ? the shopping centre in the town near to where she goes to school. Advise Jenny which is likely to be the best option. Give reasons for your advice. (10 marks) Section A- Answers: 1 – c 2- b 3- b 4 – a 5- b Section B – Expected Answers: Q1. Market research methods could include: Explain/Elaborate †¢ surveys questionnaires †¢ focus group †¢ internet research. or primary and secondary research as methods. Q2. Possible areas for discussion include: Analyses- benefit(s) Village location: â₠¬ ¢ likely to cost less to buy/rent and run †¢ convenient for Jenny †¢ tourist area so will get customers †¢ likely to have less competition. Town centre location: †¢ would be more expensive to buy/rent and run †¢ all year round potential †¢ likely to have more customers †¢ likely to be more competition †¢ Jenny will need to travel to work.

Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Essays

Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Essays Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Essay Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Essay Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Name: Lecturer: Institution: : Course: Date: Abstract This paper looks to delve into the chemistry behind ketones and aldehydes as well as related compounds. The endeavor involved looking into the way their bonding influences how they react. It also considers the simple physical properties of these compounds including their reaction with other compounds, chemical structures and formulas. The paper also looked to establish the relationship and differences between natural butter and synthetic butter, natural raspberry and synthetic raspberry, and vanilla extract and pure vanilla. Finally, this paper endeavored to identify and a detailed description of the type of reactions that take place in Sn1, Sn2, E1, E2 reactions as well as Grignard reagents. Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Flavoring agents are considered the largest compounds used as food additives. Beverage and food applications of flavoring agents include spice blends, fruits, nuts, wine flavoring agents, and vegetables. They may modify or magnify the aroma or taste of the intended product. There exists a wide variety of flavoring agents used for numerous purposes (Cooper, 2009). Examples of flavoring agents include alcohols, esters, protein hydrolysates, aldehydes, and ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones are connected from the premise that they both possess a carbonyl group C=O. The main difference however is that the carbonyl carbon of ketones is bound by two carbon atoms. On the other hand, the carboxyl carbon of aldehydes is bound by one hydrogen atom. Hence, aldehydes place the carbonyl group at the terminal carbon end, while the ketone carbonyl group is always internal. Typically, simple aldehydes have an irritating and unpleasant odor. One flavoring agent made from aldehydes is Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde. This compound is largely used in fixation of fragrances (Bloch, 2006). In addition, aldehydes are also used in commercial product fragrances such as deodorants, detergents, fabric softeners, shampoo, and soaps. The other flavoring agent made from aldehydes is C8 Aldehyde (Octanol). This compound is also known as caprylaldehyde or octyl aldehyde. Flavoring agents made from this compound are used in detergents, soaps, as well as creams and light fragrances requiring a citrus character. It is used as a flavoring agent in foods such as baked goods, gelatins, and ice cream. The third flavoring agent used from aldehydes is Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cooper, 2009). This compound is used to make flavoring agents where cinnamon characters are desired. Though it can be extracted from cassia and cinnamon bark oils, Cinnamic Aldehyde is normally produced synthetically. In the United States and Europe, Cinnamic Aldehyde is mostly used in bakery goods, chewing gum, toothpaste, mouthwash and candy. Primarily, Cinnamic Aldehyde is unsaturated, and this makes it easy to react for creating many compounds that are in turn used in numerous fragrance compositions. One flavoring agent made from ketones is acetone. Acetone accounts for the few compounds that exhibit infinite solubility in water as well as the capability of dissolving numerous organic compounds. This quality allows acetone to be removed when it is no longer needed due to its low boiling point. It is considered the most important industrial solvent and is used in products such as varnishes, resins, paints, nail polish removers, and coatings. The second ketone flavoring agent is Methyl ethyl ketone. This compound exists both in outdoor and indoor air. Methyl ethyl ketone in the air is produced through the photo oxidation of air pollutants such as certain hydrocarbons including butane. Primarily, ethyl ketone is implemented as a solvent in processes that involve cellulose acetate, resins, gums, and cellulose nitrate. Methyl ethyl ketone is also implemented in the rubber industry, paraffin wax production, glues and paint removers (Cooper, 2009). Natural Butter vs Synthetic Butter When compared to synthetic butter, natural butter is slightly higher saturated in fats at eight grams compared to five grams. In comparison, both natural and synthetic butter constitute a mixture of triglycerides with differing forms of fatty acids. This implies that no single chemical structure on natural or synthetic butter can be drawn. The breakdown of the glycerides leads to the release of free fatty acids and butyric in butter with the structural formula of CH3CH2CH2–COOH. The butyric acid in butter is responsible for the characteristic nauseating smell in rancid butter. The characteristic color of natural and synthetic butter comes from its chemical composition of carotene. The fatty acids in natural and synthetic butter range from oleic acid (CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 31.9), myristic acid (CH3(CH2)12COOH 19.8), palmitic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH 14.9), stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH 14.9), linolenic acid (CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7CO) among others. The synthesis of but ter primarily involves fermenting the butyrate represented by the following chemical reaction; C6H12O6 > C4H8O2 + 2CO2 + 2H2. In accordance with a Harvard medical study, women are at more risk of succumbing to heart disease when they consumer synthetic butter compared to natural butter. On the other, consuming natural butter, helps increase the absorption of a wide array of nutrients in the food we consume. Natural butter comprises of a wider array of nutritional benefits than synthetic butter because they are manufactured. In terms of taste, natural butter tastes better than synthetic butter because it is capable of stimulating enhancing the taste buds and food flavors. In addition, synthetic butter is capable of lowering HDL cholesterol in the human body whereas natural butter does not. Compared to natural butter, synthetic butter has been established to cause negative effect on the health of those who consume it. These include increasing the risk of succumbing to certain cancers five times compared to natural butter. Furthermore, synthetic butter reduces the quality of breast and decreases the response of insulin and immunity in the human body (Cooper, 2009). In this case, the most significant comparison between natural and synthetic butter is their chemical structure. The chemical composition of natural butter blends well with the fatty acids of our bodies. On the other hand, the chemical structure and composition of synthetic butter bears negative effects on the human body. In summary, one form of butter occurs naturally, and the other is man made. Statistically, they are both considered unhealthy for human consumption. Nevertheless, if one has to make a choice, they should opt to chose natural butter and consume it in small amounts. Rasberry vs Synthetic Rasberry Natural raspberry is normally obtained from synthesizing coumaroyl-CoA. The extraction of pure and natural raspberry ketone usually yields about 2-5 mg per kilo of raspberries. Therefore, consuming raspberry fruits leaves, or seeds does not yield sufficient metabolic boosting properties. The natural availability of raspberry ketone low and this makes it hard to obtain the needed yield in a leaf, fruit, or seed extract. The preferred form of raspberry ketone is hence produced synthetically to obtain raspberry ketone powder. Both natural and synthetic raspberry products offer exceptional antioxidants depending on the amount of raspberry contained. To put this perspective into consideration, in order to obtain 250 milligrams of pure raspberry, one is supposed to consume between sixty and five hundred pounds of raspberries. It therefore makes sense to synthesize the compound (Cooper, 2009). Both natural and synthesized raspberry ketone contains ellagic acid. This is a form of compound performs anti-carcinogenic functions against various carcinogens. When consumed in the right amount, raspberry ketone has been proven capable of preventing high induced fat elevations in the body. Since it would be impossible to consume this much raspberry ketone from natural raspberry, this can only be achieved from consuming synthesized raspberry. Once consumed, the raspberry ketone compound induces the release of norepinephrine in the body. Consequently, norepinephrine induces glucose release from energy supplements as well as increasing the breakdown of triglycerides to separate fatty acids. The general representation of raspberry ketone is represented by the following; Source: Examine .com. Raspberry Ketones Vanilla Extract vs Pure Vanilla Statistically, ninety-seven percent of the vanilla used for its various purposes is synthetic, and the use of pure vanilla is little. Vanilla extract is normally manufactured from eugenol (olive oil) or through breaking down lignin products from conifer such as picea and spruce. Chemically, pure vanilla possesses well over two hundred elemental chemicals that give it its characteristic smell and taste that make it impossible to mimic. The main compound that gives pure vanilla its characteristic taste is referred to as vanillin. Madagascan vanillin possesses three times more vanillin concentration. Pure vanilla requires no sugar be added and does not go bad. In essence, it ages like fine liquor. FDA standards require that pure vanilla contain fourteen ounces of vanilla beans and thirty-five percent alcohols in every gallon during extraction (Gmehling, 2004). Primarily, vanilla extract is synthesized from artificial flavorings that mostly attained from wood byproducts and normally con tain chemicals. Differing palates between pure and vanilla extract led to vanilla extracts leading to a bitter aftertaste as well as a poor quality. In addition, extract vanilla requires twice as much flavoring for it to match the quality of pure vanilla. Summary The main objective of this paper was to investigate the chemistry behind ketones and aldehydes as well as related compounds. One of the major objectives involved conducting an investigation on what influence their reactions undergo upon bonding. This paper put into consideration the simple physical properties of these compounds including their reaction with other compounds, chemical structures and formulas. In addition, this paper looked to establish the relationship and differences between natural butter and synthetic butter. This yielded the conclusion that both natural and synthetic butter constitute a mixture of triglycerides with differing forms of fatty acids. Natural raspberry and synthetic raspberry were also compared. The investigation revealed that the natural availability of raspberry ketone is low and this makes it hard to obtain the needed yield in a leaf, fruit, or seed extract. The preferred form of raspberry ketone is hence produced synthetically to obtain raspberry ketone powder. Vanilla extract and pure vanilla were also compared. The finding maintained that chemically, pure vanilla possesses well over two hundred elemental chemicals that give it its characteristic smell and taste that make it impossible to mimic. The main compound that gives pure vanilla its characteristic taste is referred to as vanillin. Vanilla extract possesses three times more vanillin concentration. Finally, this paper endeavored to identify and a detailed description of the type of reactions that take place in Sn1, Sn2, E1, E2 reactions as well as Grignard reagents. Investigation on this established that Sn1, Sn2, E1, E2 reactions are determined by the type of reaction in question- either elimination reactions or substitution reactions. References Arlt, W., Gmehling, J., Onken, U. (2009). Aldehydes and ketones, ethers. Frankfurt am Main: Dechema. Bloch, D. R. (2006). Organic chemistry demystified. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cooper, J. H. (2009). Flavoring agents of aldehydes and ketones. Chicago. Gmehling, J., Onken, U. (2004). Aldehydes and ketones. (Vapor-liquid equilibrium data collection.) Frankfurt am Main: DECHEMA. Sittig, M. (2008). Polyacetal resins, aldehydes, and ketones. Park Ridge, N.J: Noyes Development Corp.

How to Check on the Status of Your Tax Refund in Canada

How to Check on the Status of Your Tax Refund in Canada The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) does not start processing Canadian income tax returns until the middle of February. No matter how early you file your income tax return, you will not be able to get information on the status of an income tax refund until the middle of March. You should also wait until at least four weeks after you file your return before checking on the status of an income tax refund. If you file your return after April 15, you should wait at least six weeks before checking on the status of your return. Processing Times for Tax Refunds The length of time it takes the CRA to process your income tax return and refund depends on how and when you file your return. Processing Times for Paper Returns Paper returns usually take four to six weeks to process.For paper tax returns filed before April 15, wait four weeks before you check on your refund.For paper tax returns filed on or after April 15, wait six weeks before you check on your refund. Processing Times for Electronic Returns Electronic (NETFILE or EFILE) returns can take as little as eight  business days to be processed. However, you should still wait at least four weeks before you check on your refund. Tax Returns Selected for Review Some income tax returns, both paper and electronic, are selected for more detailed tax return reviews by the CRA before they are assessed, as well as afterward. The CRA may ask you to submit documentation to verify claims you submitted. This is not a tax audit, rather it is part of CRA efforts to identify and clarify common areas of misunderstanding in the Canadian tax system. If your tax return is selected for a review, it will slow down the assessment and any refund. Information Required to Check on Your Tax Refund To check on the status of your income tax refund you need to provide the following information: Your Social Insurance NumberThe month and year of your birthThe amount entered as Total Income on line 150 of your income tax return for the previous year. How to Check on Your Tax Refund Online You can check on the status of your income tax return and refund using the My Account tax service, which you can register for using your existing online banking information or by creating a CRA user ID and password. You will be mailed a security code within five to 10 days, but you dont need it to access some limited service options. (The security code has an expiry date, so it is a good idea to use it when it arrives, so you wont have to go through the process again when you want to use My Account for another service.) To access My Account, you will need to provide: Your Social Insurance NumberYour date of birthYour postal code or ZIP code, as appropriateThe amount you entered on your income tax return from either the current tax year or the one before. Have both handy. How to Check on Your Tax Refund by Phone You can use the automated Telerefund service on the Tax Information Phone Service (TIPS) to find out if your return has been processed and when to expect your refund cheque. The TIPS phone number is: 1-800-267-6999The Telerefund service is also available at: 1-800-959-1956

Nursing theorists contribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing theorists contribution - Essay Example This was because female gender was considered weak and inferior to the male gender. This even shows that nursing was supposed to be an inferior task and was not a job for the male gender. Nursing theorists and researchers figured out that knowledge of nursing was very important to nurses and the recognition of importance of knowledge was realized through the role played by knowledge in practice. Since the importance of knowledge was realized, research was conducted to decrease the gap between knowledge and practice and theories were created to support the practical side of nursing and to help the students who have selected nursing as their profession. Nursing is said to be a major part of human sciences and due to this, theorists realized the importance of philosophy in the field of nursing. McCrae, N. (January 01, 2012). Whither nursing models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence-based practice and multidisciplinary health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68, 1,

American Government College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Government College - Essay Example In the years since, the new battle has been fought on the front lines of Afghanistan and Iraq in the quest to rid the world of evil, but it has also been fought in the halls of Congress and the hallowed walls of the White House. Only there it was to ferociously argue about what the best course of action would be in the US-led battle on terror, but this time it would be to battle about who was 'right' and who was 'wrong'. Historically, the legislative body on Capitol Hill has been delegated the erroneous task of hashing through hour upon hour of complex debate on national and international policy. Afterwards, the Executive Branch is left with the task of executing their constitutional authority to either approve, or deny the efforts of the hill by means that have often been interpreted as not being devoid of self service in their own right. In the months after the 9/11 attacks, the next option for the US Government, as seen b

High school graduation speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High school graduation speech - Essay Example Unfortunately, in this kind of war, every warrior is often rewarded differently based on individual effort. How would learning be if we all knew that the end result would be the same? If only we knew that we would all be given a certain grade during graduation. Sincerely, I would recall all those cold nights and dawns I spent on books and I know some of us are already allergic to the term â€Å"books† at least for sometime before embarking on college journey. If your heart is not thumping as hard as mine right now, then you must be of the most unique types in the history of education. As we spend our last chapter of high school together, we must acknowledge that we are all different. This morning as I was brushing my teeth, I looked at my hand and was trying to imagine why my fingers have varying lengths. Even though I could not establish a very good answer, I realized that we are like our fingers. Every one of us has a distinct capacity and talent. We are all achievers in our own ways. However, do not forget that education is a single train that does not care about other strengths, but what you can show academically. And today, your performance in examination will determine if you are to proceed to the next level or not. I hope I will be among those who get into the next train for I have grown too huge to continue ridding on this one. However, for those who will not make it, this is not the end of the road. All you need is to review your path and rectify where things went wrong. The next time you are in a math class and something does not seem to sink deep into that head, do not think twice: just ask. What harm will it do you if people think you are dumb? It is true people will laugh at you and even mock you, but in the long-run, the mockery shall have died and you will be holding on to what you learnt. Perhaps, this is why you failed, you never asked for fear of people making fun of you! Failure is not the end of life, but should be embraced as a

Habits Of Highly Effective People Philosophy Essay

Habits Of Highly Effective People Philosophy Essay Reading this inspiring book I have discovered that to achieve the highest level of self-discipline we need to have 7 habits. By saying habits it means these 7 behaviours pattern must form our everyday pattern of behaviour no exception. This book has opened my eyes on some fundamental facts or habits that shall make me a successful person and achieve high personal achievement. Be more confident on taking decisions and reflect on my strength and weaknesses. The book talks about habits that most effective have them and that made them successful. He said that we make habits and then habits make. We are what we repeatedly do. (Aristotle) Ashe is talking about leadership he mentioned that leadership precedes management. The difference between management and leadership is that management is formal authority while leadership is Moral Authority. Overall the book was interesting and I would like to comment on the main topics covered in the book. The Maturity Continuum is in three steps Dependence This is personal achievement Habits 1, 2, 3 Interdependence This is public achievement-Habits 4, 5, 6 Interdependence-Habit 7 In maturity continuum at dependence stage it is YOU, in independence stage it is I and in interdependence stage it is WE. These are the stages of perfection and optimization that a successful leader should achieve. Habit1. Be Proactive In habit 1 the author is suggesting that one shall be proactive and not reactive. He introduced 3 values in life: the experiential which comes through experiments, creative which come by our creation attitudinal which reflects our response to different situations. By being proactive I can read the surroundings and react upon things by facing the facts but with our own power and control we can response positively. I liked the way he talks about using our energy and power of influence in the right circle. He calls it the circle of influence and the circle of interest. In the circle of influence we have the power to change things but in the circle of interest we may not have the power of change, by concentrating on circle of interest we are just losing our power without we can make any changes; this is not the case if we concentrate on our circle of influence. In proactive approach we make mistakes, acknowledge and correct them. Being in our influence circle is all about proactive. Human Endowments Exercise human endowments imagination and conscience keep promise start small start with yourself never promise too big and deliver too low strong independent will is much inner power swim upstream Become transitional Stop transmitting negative actions of others Be true proactive , not reactive Influence others by my behaviour Make a space between Stimulant and Response so there is a gap for thinking Have principles We have the freedom of choice so we are responsible on our actions Paradigms I take responsibility of my action and choice I am capable of expanding my freedom and influence by proactive behaviour Having the above traits, the process Any reactive tendency I have , I change it to proactive I increase my circle of influence To become transition person so I benefit and others Exercise human endowments mentioned up Habit2. Begin With the End in Mind Focussing on goals is what we always need to do. Our personality has 3 different leadership qualities leadership management productivity Covey quotation in his book from Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, management is doing things right, Leadership is doing the right things (1).This statement was so powerful and straight to the point which tells all about leadership in very simple and profound words. With the goal in mind we can design the start and focus on our goal and get the results we imagined. He suggests that we visualize things and focus on them so they interweave with our life experience. Things can go as we imagined because we put energy and focus on them and make things happen. I liked the author words mental creation precedes physical creation Effective people shape their own future Use whole brain (left and right) Have a personal mission statement, do incremental changes to the goal but dont change the core. Personal mission statement should answer the questions: What I am about? What do I leave behind? What characters Id like to emulate? What are the important I want? How I can use the right brain? And so on the list goes on. Benefits By doing this it encourages you to think deeply about your life, discover our inside thinking, expands perspective, visualise our goals desires and being the auto pilot to be on the right track. Refining By studying the lives of people we admire we can refine our mission statement Read poetry and inspiring literature Keep a list of trait s characters you like to develop Visualise what u want to be in 10, 20, 30 yrs. List the important things Testing mission values Timeless proven Represent the best inside me Inspire me the right direction Security and comfort to me approach and integrate the 4 basic human needs For example we should reflect upon Mahatma Ghandi mission of every day: I shall not fear any one on earth I shall fear only god I shall not bear ill toward any one I shall not submit to injustice from anyone I shall conquer untruth by truth And in resisting untruth, I shall put up with all suffering Process Create and apply daily living personal and organisational mission statement Envision the desired results and important values to guide activities. Anyone cannot do the right thing in one part of life while he is doing wrong things in any other parts, because life is one invisible whole (Ghandi) Summary of this part is: Choose a life centre Personal mission statement Habit3. Put First Things First So when you want to do something, plan, design and do it. By using calendar and notes list diaries we organise things and put priority on them .we cannot control time but we can manage our or organise ourselves to do tasks. The tasks can be classified in 3 different priorities: Urgent, Important, Not important. I Important and urgent II Important and not urgent III Urgent and not important IV Not urgent and not important We will make things bigger and bigger till it will dominate us and absorb our power by only focusing on Quadrant IQI in the table because it is urgent. The most important one is QII. Effective people are more interested in QII. They do not act in III and IV which are not important and stay in I and II but give more time to II and make I smaller Effective people do their time management by focusing on activities in QII because they are important and those activities have big impact in our life, so we must focus on them. Effective managers focus on results and not on methods so subordinates can choose the method and by this approach best results can be achieved because the subordinate have come up with their own visions or means to do it; it is their visions and not somebody elses. Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and he will become as he can and should be (1) We only need time management to organise ourselves to do tasks. Time management can be looked at from three different angles -we believe that we need more timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..but you have all the time is there -we believe that we can save timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..time is equally given to all and we have to spend it -we believe that we can manage timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We can manage ourselves not time This simple comparison show how thinking has changed Old generation new generation Efficiency effectiveness Practices principles Management Leadership Schedule Relationship Urgent things First Things In control Illusion In Alignment I liked the way the author talked about building emotion bank account. It is a brilliant idea to gauge our account statement and see where the pluses and minuses, i.e. the deposit and withdrawal. He said that to build emotion account we basically have six major deposits, when we do negative things we withdraw from the account and when we do positive things we deposit the account. These deposits and withdrawal are our actions. Examples of deposits that we can make are by: 1. I see what is important for the other person and make it important to me also 2. I attend to small things that are seeing big things to the other to strengthen the relations 3. I keep promise, by not committing to fulfil; it is a big withdraw 4. I must clarify expectations. The author says this is the most damaging part of relations. Explain the role, term and goal. By clearing this upfront, it will save much of time and effort later. 5. I show personal humour and integrity. Be consistent when dealing with groups or individuals. The author says that you must remember how you treat one is how you treat the all others because all is the sum of ones 6. I should apologize when do mistake sincerely and it will be deposit. Priorities The most important things should come first before the less important Improve product/product capacity balance within my circle of influence I fulfil my mission by acting on important Goals in my key roles. Process Focus on important things and NO to unimportant things. Focus on QII activities and gradually Q1 activities will be covered or merged in QII, QIII and QIV will go away. Habit4. Think Win-Win Human relations based on one of these transactions: Win-Win both mutual benefit Win-Lose it is competition if I win you must lose and the relation is authoritarian Lose-Win the leadership is permissive Lose-lose when people try to make others lose even if they lose Win Win-Win or No Deal Win-Win both parties are winners or no deal and no loser. This is the beginning of relations and if no benefit then not a deal once in relation after some time the parties move to Win-Win if they have built the trust. Four dimension of Win-Win: Character: integrity, maturity, abundance mentality Relationships: demonstrate honesty, loyalty Believe in the best of others, clear expectation, accurate in time and honest in communications, treat others with respect and respond to their needs, focus on positive and use feedback for improvements. Agreements: desire results, guidelines, resources, accountability , consequences- achieve win-win or not Systems Processes Persist on looking for win-win results despite the past win-lose condition. Principles Effective long term relationship require mutual benefit I seek the benefit of others as well as my own I get better results by cooperating interdependently that by competing independently Win-Win relations should be focused on win-win with trust. Performance agreement will define the relation and it will be from vertical to horizontal where partnership or team work. the agreement set standards where people measure their performance: define the results, parameters Resources-human, financial, organisation support Accountability the time and standards Consequences what will happen Reward is very important system in Win-Win. If reward is used in win-lose, the system will have negative effect. If rewarded few in the Win-Win system, others are losers .Best is to set individual goals within the overall win goals so all can get rewarded. In competitive market win-win situation should be existed to make win-win to all participants but lack of confidence and trust is the main culprit. Win-Win is a third alternative, it is not my not your way but it is a better way. Habit5. First Understand, then be understood The beauty of this part lies in the art of listening. Which is very important element in gaining the hearts of the others and I believe it is on the top list of communications skills. We tend to prescribe things before listening deeply to the problem and diagnose what is needed. Be a good listener is a key to success. We listen not just for listening but to deeply understand the other party frame of reference and feelings. Listen with ears eyes and heart. Diagnose before prescribe things is not a professional approach. Understand what the customer needs is and give solutions. Amateur salesperson sells product BUT professional salesperson sales SOLUTIONS. Listen not by mouth. Listen to give answer. Listen with ears eyes heart In 75% of waking life, we learn reading, writing, speaking and listening.40% is listening alone. Every hour of understanding save 10/20/50 hours of problem solving arise from not understanding. Empathy listening is the key to the art of listening. Words we say represent 7%, nonverbal body language is 38%, the way we say words (emphasis) and sounds we make is 55% of the speech. So communication is seeing and feelings. It is mainly attitude and partly skills. The one who listens does most of the work not the one who speaks. Everyone is single and unique who will listen then? It is said that walls have ears. However some ears have walls. These words were very powerful on me and I have reflected upon them for a while. They are so true and profound and full of wisdom. Habit6. Synergise Simply it means all or total is greater than the sum of the parts or ones. Its value comes from valuing each other competencies and differences respect them and try to complement each other hence we get the complete picture which individually cannot be completed because o these differences and weaknesses. Cooperation builds trust and needs to interweave with each other. By having synergy mission it will be part of every body mind and heart and not individual concern when it is made by others. Ground rules for synergy try to adopt win-win way of thinking and mentality keep your heart, mind open to new alternatives and possibilities appreciate and respect value others opinions, views, and solutions The third alternative Negotiate and communicate till find a solution that we all feel good about It is not my way nor your way it sis the a better way We both can be right but we dont agree I must listen and if I dont agree I say: this is how I see it, not you are wrong Humility-I have my own experience though a life trials and errors. Take the others experience that took them a lifetime of understanding as a gift given to you for free. The main drive for synergetic approach is answering the question: Would you be willing to explore a solution which might be better than what we suggest? The principles of synergy are: Valuing differences of others and looking for a third alternative Doing work together takes time but produce better long term results Human problems can be solved by using habits 4, 5, 6, Habit7. Sharpen the Saw The principles of balance self-renewal You should work in a proactive way as mentioned before in the QII quadrant to refresh the dimension of ourselves physically, mentally, spiritually and socially. Live-Physical, basic wealth Lovesocial LearnMental Leave a legacyspiritual These when integrated they produce Fire Within Four dimensions of renewal Physical This is concerned about physical wellbeing by good eating and having good sleep and relaxation with exercise, stress management, sleep and rest, regular medical check-ups healthy habits and lifestyle. Spiritual Is inside us and it is a self-monitoring commitment to our values and it drives us by giving inspiration and uplifting to deal with human beings Create mission, review and refine Watch nature and reflect Study literature of great people Appreciate music and art Religious worship, yoga and meditation Mental dimension Keep the mind always fresh and sharp- with all the knowledge by reading writing planning and open mind to others to get new ideas. Read and read and read he says 12 books a year. Most professions have half-life of 4 years. Solve puzzles, play mental games, continue education, listen to music, be aware of TV it can be an open sewer into your home. These are the suggestions of the author and I completely agree with him. Social/emotional It is showing by our interactions with others and how we focus on them. Keep family relations, keep old friendship and find new friends, keep good relations and repair damage, value differences and look for synergy, take holiday and celebrate, take each family member in a date, write letters to family and friends. The four dimensions have to be refreshed and renewed together and if one is not looked after then the whole is affected. The process of synergising Apply Win-Win way of thinking-habit 4 Listen with empathy-habit 5 Seek synergic outcome- habit 6 Then use the synergy rules to find the third alternative Life changes continuously, keep core intact and deal with changes. Your centre is a source of security, guidance, wisdom and power. The real improvement is by renewal of all the four dimensions, physical, social. Set goals and work to achieve those dimensions renewal goals. The process is achieved by constantly developing and renewing of these personal dimensions (resources) to achieve better personal (product) and balance. Some quotes; Strength lies in differences, not in similarities The key of objectivity is to accept subjectivity I dont see the worlds as it is, I see is as I am The enemy of the Best is the good unknown. 7. Sharpen the Saw Be proactive and accepts risk to take new challenge Begin with the end in mind share team vision and mission First things are the things that are most important, they come first Think win-win increase group momentum and bring effective solutions to conflicts Seek understand first so u be understood and successfully resolve problems Synergy by engaging everybody can get better results and complement each other Renew and refresh your four personal dimensions continuously to protect them from burn-out Final Quotes: Become my leader although I a m your boss Production is golden egg, capability is goose

The Character Achilles in Homers The Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

The Character Achilles in Homer's The Iliad "The first book of The Iliad, appropriately titled the "Rage of Achilles," sets the scene for the remainder of the epic" (selu.edu/Academics/Depts/WritingCenter/The_Growth_of_Achilles.htm). "This rage is invoked by pride, a theme of pivotal importance for the Greeks. Pride is the source of the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon in Book 1. The incident that provoked Achilles rage took place in the tenth and final year of the Achaean attack on Troy. The king is angered by what he sees as a challenge to his authority. He is furious at Calchas for indicting Agamemnon as the cause of the plague. Rather than graciously admit his mistake, the king becomes monstrous and demands compensation for what should not have been his in the first place. He knows what he must do for the sake of the army, but he demands recognition of his privileged status as king" (gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/iliad/summ1.htm). "Agamemnon seizes Achilles' prize, the beautiful Briseis, to sooth his own wounded pride" (selu.edu/Academics/Depts/WritingCenter/The_Growth_of_Achilles.htm). "Achilles, in turn, demands recognition of his status as the greatest warrior among the Achaeans. The loss of Briseis is not humiliating because he has any kind of romantic attachment to her. It is humiliating because she was a prize given to Achilles by Agamemnon for valor"(gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/iliad/summ1.htm). "When Agamemnon takes her away as is technically his right to do, although it clearly violates rules of respect and honorable conduct he dishonors Achilles horribly and devalues Achilles' contributions as a warrior" (Approaches of Teaching Homer's Iliad, p37). 'Even though Achilles is correct to sugges... ... 51 Copyright (c) 2003 Fagles, Robert The Iliad Penguin Classics June 2001 Rouse, W.H. D. Homer The Iliad The Story of Achilles published by the New York American Library New York and Toronto First Published 1938 Lawall, Sarah The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces Seventh Edition Volume 1 W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Copyright 1984 Myrsiades, Kostas Approaches to Teaching Homer's Iliad and Odyssey The Modern Language Association of America New York Fourth Printing 1993 http://www.selu.edu/Academics/Depts/WritingCenter/The_Growth_of_Achilles.htm http://classics.allinfoabout.com/articles/homer.htm http://www.thinkquest.org/library/site_sum.html?tname=23057&url=23057/iliad4.htl http://astro.temple.edu/~rguay/iliad3.pdf www.gutenberg.net/1/0/7/1/10716/10716-h/10716-h.html www.uweb.ucsb.edu/~bmaatuk/achilles.html

It is difficult for the reader Essay

This Boy’s Life, set in America in the 1950’s, is a compelling memoir by Tobias Wolff, whom recreates the frustrations and cruelties faced throughout his adolescence, as he fights for identity and self-respect. During this period of time, America underwent major changes in the political and economic spheres, which in turn were responsible for its social makeover. Society in this time was geared toward family; marriage and children being part of the national agenda. The 1950’s was also an age of male dominance, where even if women worked, their assumed proper place was at home. Throughout the memoir, the protagonist, young Jack Wolff, makes it difficult for the reader to feel much affection towards him, as his actions prove to be troublesome and unruly. However, as the memoir progresses, Jacks struggle reveal the reasons for his actions which sequentially shape his character, providing the readers with understanding and sympathy towards his inexorable situation. The fraudulent lies and deceitful ways of Jack can be frustrating upon the reader; though we come to realise that he does this in order to be accepted by the people around him. Jack also engages in fights  and unfaithfully betrays his best friend Arthur, although it becomes evident that he only does this in order to gain Dwight’s approval of him. The lack of a real father figure in Jack’s life has a profound impact on him and his desperate attempt to develop his identity, which further supports the readers’ emotions of sympathy towards him. Jack lies relentlessly in order to escape the grim circumstances of his childhood. His life is fuelled with emotional neglect and verbal abuse; Dwight, his indignant step father, being the foremost cause. He desires of transforming himself into the person that he truly  wants to be; an image he believes will help him to belong and to be happy. The lies he tells are a constant source of comfort for him, as he relies on them to provide stability and hope in his otherwise unstable life. â€Å"I couldn’t help but try to introduce new versions of myself as my interests changed, and as other versions failed to persuade†, demonstrates an essential part of Jack’s character, as he lies in order to fit in. His identity would change with the different people he met, in order to meet their expectations of him and to obtain their acceptance. This  greatly contributes to the sympathy felt for Jack, as he renders the reality that he finds so difficult to accept as a young boy. Among many other lies throughout the memoir, Jack has the intention of creating a new identity for himself. â€Å"It was truth known only to me, but I believed in it more than I believed in the facts arrayed against it. I believed that in some sense not factually verifiable I was a straight-A student†. At this point, Jack takes his re-creation of identity to a new level. Jack is completely aware of what he is doing, although he does not stop. His incessant lies and then believing that they are the actual truth continuously reoccur throughout the memoir. This serves to show his insecurity of who he was, and his imprudent belief that he had the ability to become something better than what he was. Jacks fabricated attempts to re-create â€Å"new versions† of himself, reveal his instinctive lying nature, thus contributing to the annoyance the readers occasionally feel towards him. However, it becomes clear that Jack is confused; he wants to belong. This misperception, and yearn to fit in explicates why feelings of sympathy by the readers towards Jack are inevitable. Jack is forced to live with his violent stepfather Dwight. Dwight cruelly exercises authority over Jack, in order to create a sense of dominance over him â€Å"Dwight would dump a pile of nuts on the floor of the utility room and put me to work with a knife and pair of pliers until he judged that I’d done enough for the night†. Because of this, Jack is determined to prove to Dwight, himself and the reader that he is not the person Dwight defines him as. Jack is not hurt by Dwight’s accusations that he is a thief and liar because â€Å"I did not see myself that way†. However, when Dwight calls Jack a sissy, Jack thinks of Arthur, who is his best  friend and the biggest â€Å"sissy† in school, and remembers how the word sparked the fight between him and Arthur. Dwight treated Jack differently for a few days; with certain deference – â€Å"Dwight took the calls and explained that the papers had been ruined in a fight, adding that his boy Jack hung a real shiner on the Gayle kid. † This was the only time he expressed a genuine interest in Jack that bordered on admiration, rather than disgust. Dwight was always associated with hatred and negativity, but because of this certain deference after he fought, Jack felt a certain connection to him as a father figure. He felt as though he finally impressed Dwight, and even felt loved because of Dwight’s respect towards him. This discloses that Dwight’s actions had significant influence over Jack, as he continued to engage in these violent fights, in order to demonstrate his masculinity to Dwight. Jacks violent nature is driven by his belief that he has to prove his masculinity to Dwight. This attests annoyance within the reader; as Jack claims he â€Å"defined myself in opposition to him†, he ironically shares the traits of Dwight, such as violence and his desire to be regarded as powerful and masculine. However, Dwight’s deference towards Jack after he fought contrastingly draws sympathy for Jack from the readers, as it reveals his desire to belong; his desire to be loved. Jack’s friendship with Arthur plays a significant role in the re-creation of his identity. Arthur was recognised as a â€Å"notorious sissy†, and because of this Jack worried of the social implications it would consequently have on him by being friends with Arthur. â€Å"To put myself in the clear I habitually mocked Arthur, always behind his back, imitating his speech and way of walking, even betraying his secrets†, demonstrates Jacks desperation to acquire acceptance  from others, even if it meant denying a part of himself- a friendship- that actually made him happy at times â€Å"but I had withheld my friendship, because I was afraid of what it would cost me†. Jacks betrayal of Arthur imparts anger in the reader, as he attempts to impress people who are not his real friends. However his confused identity and lack of self-confidence justify his disloyal actions, particularly because of the circumstances he was faced with at such a young age. Parental neglect plays an important role throughout the memoir. This is first evident in  the text when Jack says â€Å"after all, he was in Connecticut and we were in Utah†, signifying the substantial physical and emotional distance between his birth father and himself. Fathers play an important role in their child’s upbringing and development. Due to this lacking in Jacks life, the responsibilities of growing up prove to be difficult for him, evident through his confused identity and troublesome ways. Furthermore, Rosemary’s ex-husband Roy plays a significant role in shaping the way Jack thinks and reasons, particularly from such a young and susceptible age. â€Å"I thought Roy was what a man should be†, reveals Jack’s naivety at  such a young age; as Roy, abusive and indignant, was in fact the complete opposite of â€Å"what a man should be†. Wolff is once again faced with a man, Dwight, who abuses him and sets a terrible example for him. His violent nature plays a major part in Jack’s development, which ultimately forms his identity. Dwight’s actions have such an influence that â€Å"Jack† writes about Dwight’s voice being ever-present in his head and own voice, even as an adult; even as a father. â€Å"I hear his voice in my own when I speak to my children in anger†. The sympathy felt by the readers for Jack is inevitable, as his brutal childhood is left with him for the rest of  his life. Although Jack makes it difficult for the reader to feel much affection towards him on some occasions, the abusive, neglectful and violent experiences he is confronted with at such a young and vulnerable age conveys a sense of understanding, which in turn rouse feelings of sympathy towards young Wolff. Jack lies constantly; whenever he is presented with the opportunity to. This frustrates the reader is some instances. Generally though, reasons for this are understandable, such as his confused identity due to the violent and emotionally unstable life he lives. The violent fights he associates himself with, and the betrayal of his  Ã¢â‚¬Å"best-friend† Arthur, leave the readers in a position to question whether his motives can be justifiable. However, these fights and betrayal are a reflection of his desire to be accepted by others, and the masculine, powerful man Dwight’s expects him to be. The lack of a real father figure largely affects Jack and all aspects of his character, from his deceitful ways, to his violent involvement in fights. Because of this, compassion and sympathy prevails over the occasional frustration felt towards Jack by the readers. In supposition, Jack is a helpless child seeking a happy life; an identity he is truly happy with.